Laser Beam Machining Ppt Download For Mac

LASER BEAM MECHINING is a technology that uses a laser to drilling, cutting slotting, etc. Utilizing a high intensity laser beam, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. • Cutting starts by drilling ahole by moving beam• Cutting speed dependson material and thickness• Both pulsed andcontinuous laser is used• Thickness ranges from0.5-1 inch• Used for cutting complexgeometry and for cleancutting operation 6. Plasma Arc Machining (PAM) - Download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt /.pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. DownDiskSecureAccess Mac. ABRASIVE JET MACHINING.ppt. Laser Beam Machining.

1. Laser Beam Machining Ppt Download For Mac Pro
2. Laser Beam Machining Ppt Download For Mac

Title: Laser Beam Machining (LBM) 1 Laser Beam Machining(LBM). By.

A.K.PRADHAN. G.I.T.A.

BBSR 2 Laser Beam Machining An Introduction. LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The underline working principle of laser was first put forward by Albert Einstein in 1917 though the first industrial laser for experimentation was developed around 1960s. Laser beam can very easily be focused using optical lenses as their wavelength ranges from half micron to around 70 microns. 3. Focussed laser beam can have power density in excess of 1 MW/mm2. Laser Beam Machining or more broadly laser material processing deals with machining and material processing like heat treatment, alloying, cladding, sheet metal bending etc.

Such processing is carried out utilizing the energy of coherent photons or laser beam, which is mostly converted into thermal energy upon interaction with most of the materials. 4. As laser interacts with the material, the energy of the photon is absorbed by the work material leading to rapid substantial rise in local temperature. This in turn results in melting and vaporisation of the work material and finally material removal. Nowadays, laser is also finding application in regenerative machining or rapid prototyping as in processes like stereo-lithography, selective laser sintering etc.

5 Laser Beam Machining The Lasing Process. Lasing process describes the basic operation of laser, i.e. Generation of coherent beam of light by light amplification using stimulated emission. In the model of atom, negatively charged electrons rotate around the positively charged nucleus in some specified orbital paths.

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The geometry and radii of such orbital paths depend on a variety of parameters like number of electrons, presence of neighbouring atoms and their electron structure, presence of electromagnetic field etc. Each of the orbital electrons is associated with unique energy levels. 6.

At absolute zero temperature an atom is considered to be at ground level, when all the electrons occupy their respective lowest potential energy. The electrons at ground state can be excited to higher state of energy by absorbing energy from external sources like increase in electronic vibration at elevated temperature, through chemical reaction as well as via absorbing energy of the photon. 1 depicts schematically the absorption of a photon by an electron. The electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. 7 Figure 1, Energy bands in materials 8. On reaching the higher energy level, the electron reaches an unstable energy band. And it comes back to its ground state within a very small time by releasing a photon.

This is called spontaneous emission. Schematically the same is shown in Fig. The spontaneously emitted photon would have the same frequency as that of the exciting photon.

2 Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions 10. Sometimes such change of energy state puts the electrons in a meta-stable energy band. Instead of coming back to its ground state immediately it stays at the elevated energy state for micro to milliseconds. In a material, if more number of electrons can be somehow pumped to the higher meta-stable energy state as compared to number of electrons at ground state, then it is called population inversion. Such electrons, at higher energy meta-stable state, can return to the ground state in the form of an avalanche provided stimulated by a photon of suitable frequency or energy. This is called stimulated emission.

Fig.2 shows one such higher state electron in meta-stable orbit. 11. If it is stimulated by a photon of suitable energy then the electron will come down to the lower energy state and in turn one original photon will be produced. In this way coherent laser beam can be produced. 3 schematically shows working of a laser. 3 Lasing Action 13.

Laser Beam Machining Ppt Download For Mac Pro

There is a gas in a cylindrical glass vessel. This gas is called the lasing medium. One end of the glass is blocked with a 100 reflective mirror and the other end is having a partially reflective mirror. Population inversion can be carried out by exciting the gas atoms or molecules by pumping it with flash lamps. Then stimulated emission would initiate lasing action. Stimulated emission of photons could be in all directions. Most of the stimulated photons, not along the longitudinal direction would be lost and generate waste heat.

Laser Beam Machining Ppt Download For Mac

The photons in the longitudinal direction would form coherent, highly directional, intense laser beam. 14 Lasing Medium- Heart Of LASER. Many materials can be used as the heart of the laser. Depending on the lasing medium lasers are classified as solid state and gas laser. Solid-state lasers are commonly of the following type. Ruby which is a chromium alumina alloy having a wavelength of 0.7 µm. Nd-glass lasers having a wavelength of 1.64 µm.

Nd-YAG laser having a wavelength of 1.06 µm. (Nd-YAG stands for neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet NdY3Al5O12). These solid-state lasers are generally used in material processing. 15. The generally used gas lasers are. Helium Neon.

Argon. CO2 etc. Lasers can be operated in continuous mode or pulsed mode. Typically CO2 gas laser is operated in continuous mode and Nd YAG laser is operated in pulsed mode. 16 Schematic diagram of Laser Beam Machine Figure 4 17 Material Removal Mechanism In LBM Figure 5 Physical processes occurring during LBM 18.

As presented in Fig. 5, the unreflected light is absorbed, thus heating the surface of the workpiece. On sufficient heat the workpiece starts to melt and evaporates. The physics of laser machining is very complex due mainly to scattering and reflection losses at the machined surface. Additionally, heat diffusion into the bulk material causes phase change, melting, and/or vaporization. Depending on the power density and time of beam interaction, the mechanism progresses from one of heat absorption and conduction to one of melting and then vaporization.

19. Machining by laser occurs when the power density of the beam is greater than what is lost by conduction, convection, and radiation, and moreover, the radiation must penetrate and be absorbed into the material.

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Laser Beam Machining Process Turns electrical energy into coherent light.